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letter

In , Güyük Khan sent a letter to Pope Innocent IV, demanding his submission.

The letter was in Persian and Middle Turkic, which was used for the preamble.^[1]

The preamble reads as follows:^[2]

M(ä)ngü t(ä)ngri küč(ü)nde/kür (u)l(u)γ ulus n(u)ng Taluï nung/xan y(a)rl(ï)γ(ï)m(ï)z.

We, by the power of the eternal heaven, Khan of the great Ulus, Our command.

The letter was a response to a letter, Cum non solum, from the pope to the Mongols.

Güyük, who had little understanding of faraway Europe or the pope's significance in it, demanded the pope's submission and a visit from the rulers of the West to pay homage to Mongol power:^[3]

"You must say with a sincere heart: "We will be your subjects; we will give you our strength".

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You must in person come with your kings, all together, without exception, to render us service and pay us homage. Only then will we acknowledge your submission. And if